This post is part of a series that will teach you to use Python if you come from Java. I highly recommend you start from here if you don’t know o only has a little bit of Python knowledge. Let’s begin.

Python has several built-in types that do not have direct equivalents in Java. These types are unique to Python or are implemented differently than in Java. Here’s a list of Python types that only exist in Python:

Python Type	Java Equivalent	Description
list	ArrayList, LinkedList	A mutable, ordered sequence of elements. Equivalent to Java’s ArrayList or LinkedList from the Collections framework, but built-in and more flexible.
tuple	--	An immutable, ordered sequence of elements. There is no direct equivalent in Java (similar to an immutable List).
dict	HashMap, Hashtable	A mutable, unordered collection of key-value pairs (hash map-like). In Java, HashMap or Hashtable serves similar functionality but dict is built-in and widely used.
set	Set	An unordered collection of unique elements. Java has a similar Set interface, but Python’s set is a built-in type.
frozenset	--	An immutable version of a set. Java doesn’t have a direct immutable Set type built into its core API.
NoneType (None)	null	Represents the absence of a value or a null value. Similar to Java’s null, but in Python it is an actual object and has its own type (NoneType).
complex	--	A number with a real and imaginary part (e.g., 3 + 4j). There is no built-in type for complex numbers in Java.
bytes	byte[], ByteBuffer	An immutable sequence of bytes. While Java has byte[] and ByteBuffer, Python’s bytes type is more flexible and commonly used.
bytearray	ByteBuffer	A mutable version of bytes. There is no direct equivalent in Java (though ByteBuffer is close in some ways).
range	Similar to Java’s Stream.range()	Represents an immutable sequence of numbers, typically used in loops. There is no direct equivalent in Java (similar to Java’s Stream.range() but built-in).
Ellipsis (...)	--	A singleton object used in specific contexts like slicing multidimensional arrays. No direct equivalent in Java.
function/lambda	Java’s lambda expressions	First-class function or anonymous function (lambda). Java’s lambda expressions exist, but Python treats functions as first-class objects.
generator	iterators	A type of iterable that generates values on the fly using yield. Java has iterators, but Python’s generator is a more flexible, built-in feature.
coroutine/asyncio	CompletableFuture	Supports asynchronous programming via async def and await. Java uses CompletableFuture and other concurrency libraries, but Python’s coroutines are integrated at the language level.

• Dynamic Typing: In Python, types are dynamically inferred, and variables can change types at runtime. Java, being statically typed, requires all variables to have declared types.
• First-class Functions: Python treats functions as first-class citizens. This means they can be passed around. They can also be assigned to variables and used as arguments. Java allows some of this functionality with lambda and functional interfaces, but Python’s approach is more native and flexible.

These types and features make Python more dynamic and flexible compared to Java’s more rigid, statically typed system. But is not bad. Java’s strengths lie in its strong typing, performance, platform independence, and robust ecosystem.

As a side note, depending on the specific needs of a project—such as the need for high performance, enterprise-level features, or type safety—Java can be the better choice for many applications.

Happy Learning!!!